塔克拉玛干沙漠不同下垫面太阳总辐射比较

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00343

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文运用统计学方法，分析并比较了塔克拉玛干沙漠绿洲-沙漠过渡带（肖塘、哈德）与沙漠腹地（塔中）总辐射的气候学特征。结果表明：沙漠腹地（塔中）总辐射年总量高于绿洲-沙漠过渡带（肖塘、哈德），塔中、肖塘和哈德年总量分别为6 515.0 MJ·m^-2、5 666.4 MJ·m^-2和5 774.5 MJ·m^-2。春、夏、秋、冬四季变化幅度，塔中高于肖塘和哈德，肖塘与哈德相近；3个观测点均为夏季最大、冬季最小、春季高于秋季。塔中月总量最大值出现时间（6月）早于肖塘和哈德（7月），最小值均在12月；塔中月总量最大值比肖塘和哈德分别高99.4 MJ·m^-2和81.9 MJ·m^-2。平均日变化表现为早晚小、正午12：00最大。沙尘暴天气下总辐射被明显削弱，日变化波动大。肖塘、哈德和塔中沙尘暴日的峰值分别减少40.3%、56.2%和53.0%；日总量分别减少41.6%、57.8%和61.2%。沙尘暴日的后续天气仍受到沙尘的明显影响，只有当整个沙尘天气过程结束其日变化曲线才恢复。沙尘天气日，小时平均值>500 W·m^-2的总辐射明显被削弱，主要向低值区集中，分布在高值区的概率减少。总辐射与太阳高度角的变化一致，相同太阳高度角下晴天总辐射高于沙尘天。

关键词: 总辐射, 沙尘, 概率分布, 塔克拉玛干沙漠, 下垫面

Abstract: The global solar radiation data collected in observation station in Xiaotang (40 48'N,84°18'E), Hade (40°46'N,83°42'E) and Tazhong (38°58'N,83°39'E) from 2010 to 2011 were used to analyze the characteristics of the diurnal variation of the global solar radiation over different underlying surfaces in the Taklimakan Desert. The results show that the annual total global solar radiation is 5 666.4 MJ·m^-2, 5 774.5 MJ·m^-2 and 6 515.0 MJ·m^-2 in Xiaotang, Hade and Tazhong station, respectively. The seasonal change of the global solar radiation of Tazhong is higher than Xiaotang and Hade, and it is similar in Xiaotang and Hade. The maximum global solar radiation is in summer in the three stations, and minimum in winter, it is higher in spring than in autumn. The maximum/minimum values of monthly total global solar radiation are in June/December in Tazhong, but the maximum/minimum values reach the peaks/troughs in July/December in Xiaotang and Hade. The global solar radiation in Tazhong is higher than in Xiaotang and Hade, the difference values are 99.4 MJ·m^-2 and 81.9 MJ·m^-2, respectively. The peak value of mean global solar radiation appears at 12:00, and the lowest value appears in the morning or evening. The diurnal variation of global solar radiation is irregular on sand-storm day because the global solar radiation is obviously influenced by sand-storm. The peak values of global solar radiation decrease on sand-storm day by 40.3%, 56.2% and 53.0% in Xiaotang, Hade and Tazhong, respectively, and the daily total global solar radiation is reduced by 41.6%, 57.8% and 61.2%, respectively. The attenuation of global solar radiation is still apparent after sandstorm day, and the daily curve shows previous state when the sandstorm process stop. Sand-dust process can increase/decrease low-value/high-value (especially global solar radiation >500 W·m^-2)probability distribution to influence the global solar radiation obviously. The global solar radiation increases with the solar zenith angle. The value of global solar radiation is high on clear day but small on sand-dust day at the same solar zenith angle.

Key words: global solar radiation, dust, probability distribution, Taklimakan Desert, underlying surface

中图分类号:

P422.1

金莉莉, 何清, 李振杰, 买买提艾力·买买提依明. 塔克拉玛干沙漠不同下垫面太阳总辐射比较[J]. 中国沙漠, 2014, 34(2): 498-506.

Jin Lili, He Qing, Li Zhenjie, Ali Mamtimin. Global Solar Radiation over Different Underlying Surfaces in the Taklimakan Desert[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2014, 34(2): 498-506.

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